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Canadian Newspapers

Canada has a rich history of print journalism tracing back to the mid-19th century, when many of the country鈥檚 leading politicians and nation-builders were newspaper editors fond of using their publications as a mouthpiece for their partisan views. Many of the country鈥檚 largest papers still trace their roots back to that tumultuous era.

and the听 are Canada鈥檚 two leading national newspapers, sold in supermarkets and corner stores across the country. Though both are based out of Toronto, they employ reporters working across Canada and cover stories of provincial and national importance, as well as Canadian perspectives on international affairs. Both听have acclaimed editorial pages featuring the commentary of some of Canada鈥檚 most famous political pundits, including Andrew Coyne (b. 1960) and Rex Murphy (b. 1947) for the Post, or Jeffrey Simpson (b. 1949) and Margaret Wente (b. 1950) for the Globe. Politically speaking, the Globe is known for being more liberal while the Post is more conservative. Canadians generally read the paper whose biases match their own.

Every major Canadian city is home to numerous local papers as well, though in most cases only one or two reign supreme. In terms of circulation, the biggest local 鈥渄ailies鈥� include the ,听, and 听in Ontario, the听听and French-language听听in Quebec, and the ,听,听, and听听in the west. Many large Canadian cities also have a popular tabloid-style newspaper called the 鈥淸City Name] Sun鈥� (for example, the and ), which are all run by the same company.听Two of Canada’s largest media corporations, Postmedia and Torstar, also distribute听a small, free newspaper in certain cities:听 in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, and in Toronto, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, and Halifax.

Canadian Magazines

颁补苍补诲补鈥檚听magazine market is fairly limited, with most Canadians simply reading popular American publications like People, Sports Illustrated, and National Geographic. A few popular U.S. publications, such as Reader鈥檚 Digest and ELLE, publish 鈥�Canadian Editions鈥� that include a bit of bonus听Canadian content.

As far as made-in-Canada magazines go, the most commercially successful tend to be lifestyle/homemaking magazines geared towards women, including Chatelaine, , , and (in Quebec) . The country鈥檚 most iconic national magazine, meanwhile, is , which has been in print for more than听100 years. It offers an eclectic mix of news, commentary, entertainment, and sports. Other, more niche publications include (formerly called The Beaver, but renamed for rather ), the celebrity tabloid , and the geography and travel-focused . For budgetary reasons, a couple of previously long-running Canadian magazines are no longer available in print and instead offer “online only” versions, such as and .

The CBC

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, or CBC, is a taxpayer-funded, government-run corporation that provides a variety听of free radio and television services to Canadians across the country. No matter where you are in Canada, your TV听and radio will be able to pick up a CBC broadcast.

These days, when your typical Canadian refers to 鈥渢he CBC,鈥� he or she is speaking of , a fairly ordinary television station that broadcasts comedies, dramas, children鈥檚 programming, and news. Most CBC TV shows are produced by the network itself, which makes it the country’s largest听source of听made-in-Canada content. The network听is headquartered听in Toronto, but most听big Canadian cities also have their own听local CBC studio听that broadcasts some local news programming through the main channel.

Canadian Television Stations

The CBC was created听by the government of Prime Minister 听(1874-1950) in 1936, at a time when radio and television were relatively new and the听federal government was eager to听ensure Canadians would be exposed to a lot of Canadian content. In recent decades, however, the CBC has become steadily more unpopular and controversial since what it offers is no longer particularly unique. Most of its shows are not widely watched, and some听Canadians 鈥� particularly those of a conservative bent 鈥� characterize it as a waste of tax dollars. CBC fans, however, argue the network actually produces higher quality programming than other stations precisely because it relies on government funding and doesn’t have to pander to a mass audience. Opinions on the CBC can听spawn听pretty polarizing debates in听modern Canada.

Basic cable in Canada is dominated by two channels, and , which broadcast mostly American programs. The stations are difficult to generalize beyond that, as they air a vast diversity of programming, including sitcoms, dramas, reality shows, talk shows, children鈥檚 programming, and news. Sports in Canada are broadcast by the speciality channels and , though the CBC also provides coverage of hockey games and the Olympics.

Beyond the basic cable bubble there are hundreds of speciality channels, both American and Canadian, that are available to any Canadians willing to pay for the privilege. Of course, these days, more and more Canadians are eschewing cable television altogether in favor of on-demand, internet-based services like 听and its less popular competitor, , that allow subscribers to watch popular shows on a when-you-want-it basis.

The popularity of American television in Canada has been a longtime concern of the Canadian government, which worries that watching too much American TV erodes Canadians鈥� sense of identity. As a result, between the hours of 6-11 p.m., basic cable television stations are legally required to devote 50 per cent of their programming to Canadian shows. Speciality channels have it a bit easier, and must only ensure 35 per cent of their total programming听is Canadian.

TV News

Most of Canada鈥檚 major television networks offer substantial news coverage, both through multiple听evening news broadcasts (usually beginning at 6:00 p.m., followed by re-runs or updates at听8 and 10 p.m.) and several speciality 24-hour news channels as well. The first听news broadcast of the night will usually be about听local news and will be produced听by the local affiliate of the network (for example, CTV Saskatoon),听and is听then followed by a separate, “national news” show some hours later.

CTV听airs its main local news broadcast from听6 to 7 p.m. Its national news broadcast, , then runs from 7 to 8 p.m. on its 24/7 news channel,听, hosted by听Lisa LaFlamme (b. 1964). Global听airs a half-hour of local news at听6 p.m.,听followed by the national news broadcast,听, at 6:30 p.m. (ET,听5:30 p.m. elsewhere).听It is hosted by Dawna Friesen (b. 1964).

Lastly, the CBC airs local news from 6-7 p.m. (or 6-6:30 p.m. in some cities), followed by its听national news show,听, at 10 p.m. It鈥檚 hosted by four joint anchors, Rosemary Barton (b. 1976), Andrew Chang (b. 1982), Adrienne Arsenault (b. 1967), and Ian Hanomansing (b. 1961). In recent years, the National has perhaps become best known for its听,听which features commentary on current events from three听Canadian听political commentators, two of whom are usually听Andrew Coyne (b. 1960) and听Chantal H茅bert (b. 1954).听听The CBC听also runs a second channel, , that airs 24/7 news coverage.

Radio

While there are a vast array of radio options in Canada, offering both music and talk, most broadcasters tend to be exceedingly local in scope, with a range limited to a single city and programming that reflects that. Most big Canadian cities will have several news-and-talk stations, as well as a variety of music stations for fans of every genre.

The CBC’s radio arm, CBC Radio, broadcasts听five different radio stations out of 34 Canadian cities.听For English-speakers, there is听, which mainly does news and current events banter,听, which plays听classical music, and听, which is a satellite radio channel specializing in indie music. For French-speakers, there is听,听which does French talk, and ,听which does French music (note that in French, the entire CBC is somewhat confusingly called Radio-Canada).

These days, an increasing lot of Canadians get their radio broadcasts through the internet, and most Canadian radio stations offer a 鈥渓isten live鈥� option on their website. Many talk radio stations similarly now offer much of their content in downloadable podcast form.

Shortwave Radio

For 67 years, the Government of Canada used to maintain a shortwave news and information radio station known as Radio Canada International (RCI), but it was , reflecting the dwindling influence of shortwave radio in the internet age. Today, a modified version of RCI exists as a multilingual , run by the CBC. It provides news and analysis on Canadian and global affairs in English, French, Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic.

The Government of Canada continues to maintain an Ottawa-based shortwave radio station known by the call letters CHU. It does nothing except endlessly broadcast the official Canadian time. It can be picked up on three frequencies: 3330, 7850, and 14670 kHz.

News Websites

Canada has a few news and commentary websites, but most deal exclusively with politics. is perhaps the most generic, and serves as a news aggregator for content from the various online editions of the Postmedia chain of newspapers. is also owned by Postmedia and does basically the same thing, but is more focused on lifestyle and entertainment news.

听is Canada’s most popular online news source. The听Canadian edition of the popular American online media chain, it contains some original political reporting, as well as original political commentary from a vast assortment of bloggers, most of whom are left-leaning. ,听, and are news sites of a similarly progressive bent, and do some independent political reporting and commentary as well. On the opposite end of the spectrum is the online news channel听, run by noted conservative provocateur Ezra Levant (b. 1972), which produces mostly video content.听, which, as the name suggests, is another site听deeply focused on the political world,听seeks to be more politically balanced.

Media Ownership

Beyond standard听concerns over matters听like accuracy and bias, the issue of ownership continues to be one of the biggest controversies surrounding contemporary Canadian media and journalism. Canada has very few independently owned and operated newspapers, magazines, TV channels, or radio stations; almost every outlet of note is part of some vast empire owned by a handful of the听country鈥檚 richest families.

Today, more than 80 per cent of Canadian media is owned by a cartel of just five corporations: , , ,听, and , each of which own dozens of different print publications and television networks under various subsidiaries and affiliates.听In fact, it鈥檚 actually quite hard to keep track of who owns what on any given day, since the 鈥渂ig five鈥� are almost constantly engaged in ongoing听schemes to merge, buy out, or take over each other and their various properties.

The controversy tends to be most pronounced in individual Canadian provinces and cities, many of which may find all, or at least most of their community’s major newspapers, television channels, and radio stations听owned by the same company, as Canadian media corporations tend to stake out different听geographic “zones” of influence. The result can be听very repetitive coverage,听as well as concerns about what stories aren’t being seen when a single听company does all the selecting.